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Co-processing Series: 4. Heterogeneous nucleation (HN)

In the context of crystallization, heterogeneous nucleation occurs when crystals form on a surface rather than spontaneously in the bulk solution, playing a crucial role in controlling crystal formation and growth. When applied to Co-processing, heterogeneous nucleation on the surface of excipients enhances material properties, allowing for greater control over critical attributes such as flowability, stability, and polymorphism.

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Co-processing Series: 3. Adsorption

This method involves the absorption of a dissolved drug into the pores of a carrier material, known as an adsorbent, with the drug remaining embedded in the porous media post-drying.

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Co-processing Series: 2. ASD - How Co-Processing can replace Spray Drying

With spray drying, a prevalent method for producing amorphous solid dispersions (ASD), the process involves rapidly drying a solution with hot gas, resulting in high energy consumption and significant infrastructure and operational costs.

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Co-processing Series: 1. What is co-processing and how is the industry embracing it?

Co-processing enhances the flow and density properties of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) thus simplifying oral solid formulation. In some cases, co-processing can be used to generate Amorphous Solid Dispersion and offers more expeditious alternatives to traditional methods such as spray drying, nano-milling, or hot-melt extrusion.

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